Pediatric head and neck lymphatic vascular malformations: literature review

Abstract

Lymphangiomas are lymphatic vascular malformations of unclear etiology that generally manifest in pedriatic-age patients. The most frequent localization is in the head and neck, where they can potentially generate airway compromise. Clinical suspicion plays a funda­mental role in its diagnosis, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pedia- tric head and neck masses. Imaginologic investigations include the use of ultrasound as an initial approach, with magnetic resonance imaging being the modality of choice. Currently, it is also possible to establish an antenatal diagnosis due to imaging advances in obstetrics. Treatment is challenging and there is still not a protocol that is universally accepted. Op- tions include surgery, sclerotherapy, systemic agents, or a combination of the above. Due to its potential esthetic and functional implications in the head and neck region, the otolaryn- gologist must be aware of this pathology, reason for which we present this review.